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Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1595-7

摘要：

● Mechanical behavior of MBT waste affected by loading rate was investigated.

关键词： Mechanically and biologically treated waste     Landfill     Triaxial test     Loading rate     Axial strain     Shear strength parameter    

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Characterization of humic substances in bio-treated municipal solid waste landfill leachate

Guangxia QI, Dongbei YUE, Yongfeng NIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 711-716 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0421-z

摘要： Considerable organic matter remains in municipal solid waste landfill leachate after biological treatments. Humic substances (HSs) dominate the organic matter in bio-treated landfill leachate. In this study, the HSs from landfill leachate treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR-HSs) were analyzed via elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and charge polarized magic-angle spinning- C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The characteristic absorption in the UV wavelength range indicated the presence of high C=C and C=O double bonds within the MBR-HSs. Compared with commercial HSs, MBR-HSs had lower carbon content [48.14% for fulvic acids (FA) and 49.52% for humic acids (HA)], higher nitrogen content (4.31% for FA and 6.16% for HA), lower aromatic structure content, and higher carbohydrate and carboxylic atoms of carbon content. FA predominantly had an aliphatic structure, and HA had less condensed or substituted aromatic ring structures than natural HA. The aromatic carbon content of MBR-HSs was lower than that of humus-derived HSs but higher than that of waste-derived HSs, indicating that MBR-HSs appeared to be more similar to humus-derived HSs than waste-derived HA.

关键词： bio-treated landfill leachate     humic substances     elemental analysis     spectroscopic characteristics    

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

摘要：

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

关键词： Granular activated carbon     Biologically activated carbon filter     Bacterial community structure     Pore structure    

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hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis through strategies of carbon recovery from alkaline/thermal treated

Ling Wang, Chunxue Yang, Sangeetha Thangavel, Zechong Guo, Chuan Chen, Aijie Wang, Wenzong Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1348-4

摘要： Abstract • High hydrogen yield is recovered from thermal-alkaline pretreated sludge. • Separating SFL by centrifugation is better than filtration for hydrogen recovery. • The cascaded bioconversion of complex substrates in MECs are studied. • Energy and electron efficiency related to substrate conversion are evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the biohydrogen production from thermal (T), alkaline (A) or thermal-alkaline (TA) pretreated sludge fermentation liquid (SFL) in a microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) without buffer addition. Highest hydrogen yield of 36.87±4.36 mgH2/gVSS (0.026 m3/kg COD) was achieved in TA pretreated SFL separated by centrifugation, which was 5.12, 2.35 and 43.25 times higher than that of individual alkaline, thermal pretreatment and raw sludge, respectively. Separating SFL from sludge by centrifugation eliminated the negative effects of particulate matters, was more conducive for hydrogen production than filtration. The accumulated short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) after pretreatments were the main substrates for MEC hydrogen production. The maximum utilization ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid was 93.69%, 90.72% and 91.85%, respectively. These results revealed that pretreated WAS was highly efficient to stimulate the accumulation of SCFAs. And the characteristics and cascade bioconversion of complex substrates were the main factor that determined the energy efficiency and hydrogen conversion rate of MECs.

关键词： Waste activated sludge (WAS)     Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)     Hydrogen     Pretreatment     Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs)    

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Evaluate HAA removal in biologically active carbon filters using the ICR database

Hsin-hsin TUNG, Yuefeng F. XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 489-496 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0312-8

摘要： The effects of biologically active carbon (BAC) filtration on haloacetic acid (HAA) levels in plant effluents and distribution systems were investigated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Information Collection Rule (ICR) database. The results showed that average HAA5 concentrations in all locations were 20.4 μg·L and 29.6 μg·L in ICR plants with granular activated carbon (GAC) and ICR plants without GAC process, respectively. For plants without GAC, the highest HAA levels were observed in the quarters of April to June and July to September. However, for plants with GAC, the highest HAA levels were observed in the quarters of April to June and January to March. This HAA level profile inversely correlated well with water temperature, or biologic activity. For GAC plants, simulated distribution samples matched well with distribution system equivalent samples for Cl AA and THMs. For plants with and without GAC, simulated distribution samples overestimated readily biodegradable HAAs in distribution systems. The study indicated that through HAA biodegradation, GAC process plays an important role in lowering HAA levels in finished drinking water.

关键词： biologically active carbon (BAC)     disinfection byproduct (DBP)     granular activated carbon (GAC)     haloacetic acid (HAA)     Information Collection Rule (ICR)    

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Superhydrophobic, mechanically flexible and recyclable reduced graphene oxide wrapped sponge for highly

Lijuan Qiu, Ruiyang Zhang, Ying Zhang, Chengjin Li, Qian Zhang, Ying Zhou

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 390-399 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1751-6

摘要：

Water pollution has become an urgent issue for our modern society, and it is highly desirable to rapidly deal with the water pollution without secondary pollution. In this paper, we have prepared a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) wrapped sponge with superhydrophobicity and mechanically flexibility via a facile low-temperature thermal treatment method under a reducing atmosphere. The skeleton of this sponge is completely covered with RGO layers which are closely linked to the skeleton. This sponge has an abundant pore structure, high selectivity, good recyclability, low cost, and outstanding adsorption capacity for floating oil or heavy oil underwater. In addition, this sponge can maintain excellent adsorption performance for various oils and organic solvents over 50 cycles by squeezing, and exhibits extremely high separation efficiencies, up to 6 × 106 and 3.6 × 106 L·m−3·h−1 in non-turbulent and turbulent water/oil systems, respectively. This superhydrophobic adsorbent with attractive properties may find various applications, especially in large-scale removal of organic contaminants and oil spill cleanup.

关键词： superhydrophobicity     mechanically flexibility     water/oil separation     reduced graphene oxide wrapped sponge    

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Gain-enhanced reconfigurable radiation array with mechanically driven system and directive elements

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0716-0

摘要： In the artificial intelligence-driven modern wireless communication system, antennas are required to be reconfigurable in terms of size according to changing application scenarios. However, conventional antennas with constant phase distributions cannot achieve enhanced gains in different reconfigurable sizes. In this paper, we propose a mechanically reconfigurable radiation array (RRA) based on miniaturized elements and a mechanically reconfigurable system to obtain gain-enhanced antennas in compact and deployed states. A five-element RRA with a phase-reconfigurable center element is designed and analyzed theoretically. The experimental sample has been fabricated, driven by a deployable frame with only one degree of freedom to realize the size and phase distribution reconfiguration simultaneously to validate the enhanced gains of RRA. The proposed RRA can be tessellated into larger arrays to achieve higher gains in other frequency regimes, such as terahertz or photonics applications with nanometer fabrication technology.

关键词： mechanism     reconfigurable radiation array (RRA)     compact state     deployed state     enhanced gain    

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情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计 Article

Ang Liu, Ivan Teo, 陈点滴, Stephen Lu, Thorsten Wuest, 张执南, 陶飞

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第4期   页码 637-645 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.06.005

摘要：

信息通信技术（ICT）和网络物理系统（CPS）的快速发展，为智能产品的日益普及铺平了道路。情境感知是衡量产品智能的一个重要角度。与人工制品不同，各种生物系统具有非凡的情境感知能力。生物启发式设计（BID）是最常用的设计策略之一。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究检查过情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计。本文提出了一个结构化设计框架，用以支持情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计。本文从产品设计的角度定义了情境感知的概念。该框架以功能-行为-结构理论（the situated function-behavior-structure ontology）为基础开发而成。本文规定了结构化设计过程，借助各种生物启发，支持不同的概念设计活动，如问题形成、结构重构、行为重构和功能重构。一些现有的设计方法和新兴的设计工具被纳入框架。本文提出了一个案例研究，展示了如何利用该框架重新设计机器人吸尘器，使其更具有情境感知能力。

关键词： 设计方法     生物启发式设计     情境感知     智能设计    

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An extended thermo-mechanically coupled algorithm for simulation of superelasticity and shape memory

S. HASHEMI,H. AHMADIAN,S. MOHAMMADI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 466-477 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0300-3

摘要： Thermo-mechanical coupling in shape memory alloys is a very complicated phenomenon. The heat generation/absorption during forward/reverse transformation can lead to temperature-dependent variation of its mechanical behavior in the forms of superelasticity and shape memory effect. However, unlike the usual assumption, slow loading rate cannot guarantee an isothermal process. A two-dimensional thermo-mechanically coupled algorithm is proposed based on the original model of Lagoudas to efficiently model both superelasticity and shape memory effects and the influence of various strain rates, aspect ratios and boundary conditions. To implement the coupled model into a finite element code, a numerical staggered algorithm is employed. A number of simulations are performed to verify the proposed approach with available experimental and numerical data and to assess its efficiency in solving complex SMA problems.

关键词： shape memory alloy     thermo-mechanical coupling     superplasticity     shape memory effect    

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84-month observational study of the changes in CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count of 110 HIV/AIDS patients treated

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 362-367 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0363-x

摘要：

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by observing the changes in CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count of 110 cases with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treated continuously with TCM for 84 months. Information of 110 HIV/AIDS patients from 19 provinces and cities treated with TCM from 2004 to 2013 was collected. Changes in the indexes of CD4 counts (≤200, 201–350, 351–500 and>500 cells/mm3) at five time points (0, 12, 36, 60 and 84 months) and different treatments [TCM and TCM plus antiretroviral therapy (ART)] were compared. Repeated measures test indicated no interaction between group and time (P>0.05). Degrees of increasing and decreasing CD4 count of the two groups at four different frames were statistically significant compared with the baseline. The CD4 count between the two groups was not statistically significant. For CD4 count of≤200 cells/mm3, the mean CD4 count changes were 21 and 28 cells/mm3 per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. For CD4 count of 201–350 cells/mm3, the mean CD4 count changes were 6 and 25 cells/mm3 per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. For CD4 count of 351–500 cells/mm3, the mean CD4 count changes were -13 and -7 cells/mm3 per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. For CD4 count of>500 cells/mm3, the mean CD4 count changes were -34 and -17 cells/mm3 per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. Long-term use of TCM could maintain or slow the pace of declining CD4 counts in patients with HIV/AIDS, and may achieve lasting effectiveness.

关键词： AIDS     HIV     CD4     traditional Chinese medicine     linear models    

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Evolution of composite fouling on a vertical stainless steel surface caused by treated sewage

Cheng ZAN, Lin SHI, Xiujuan MA, Wenyan YANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 171-180 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0068-z

摘要： Composite biological and inorganic fouling occurs in plate heat exchangers (PHEs) using treated sewage as heat transfer medium, which lowers the heat transfer coefficient and increases the frictional resistance. In order to optimize the heat exchange process and improve the anti-fouling strategies, the dynamic behavior of composite fouling at a vertical surface of stainless steel (ANSI 316L) was investigated under typical conditions of PHEs. The growth curves of composite fouling were obtained. The evolution of composite fouling was characterized by means of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Backscattered Electron Image (BEI) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used as aids in interpreting the results. The experimental results show that a preliminary stage of a 6-day period with a low fouling growth rate exists during the composite fouling development. A significant change of the fouling growth rate happens after the preliminary stage during which the bacterial behaviors at the surface could be recorded clearly. After the preliminary stage, a space net-shape, mainly consisting of bacteria, extracellular products (EPS) and inorganic particles, could be established on the surface of the fouling layer. The change of fouling growth rate occurs synchronously with the evolution.

关键词： treated sewage     plate heat exchanger     stainless steel     composite fouling     biofouling    

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Improved local control without elective nodal radiotherapy in patients with unresectable NSCLC treated

YANG Kunyu, LIU Li, ZHANG Tao, WU Gang, CAO Fengjun, WANG Jianhua

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 381-385 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0074-7

摘要： To investigate the influence of prophylactic elective nodal irradiation on the therapeutic results of definitive radiotherapy for patients with stage IIIA or stage IIIB unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer, 55 patients with clinically inoperable advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were studied. After four cycles of induction chemotherapy, the patients were divided into two groups at random. In one group, the elective nodal irradiation was included in clinical tumor volume (CTV) of definitive radiotherapy (ENI group); and in the other group, elective nodal irradiation was not included in CTV (non-ENI group). For the patients in the ENI group, the mean prescription dose for gross tumor volumes was 58.4 Gy, while for the patients in the non-ENI group, it was 65.8 Gy (<0.05). The responsive rates were 45.8% and 74.0% (<0.05), and the rate of the elective nodal failure (ENF) was 4.2% and 11.1%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the mean local-progression-free survival time was 11.0 and 15.0 months, and one-year local-failure rates were 51.9% and 24.5% (<0.05). The median overall survival time was 13.0 and 15.0 months, respectively ( = 0.084). The one-year survival rates were 55.7% and 72.5%, and two-year survival rates were 0% and 19.9%. There was no significant difference in the occurrences of radiation-associated complications between the two groups. Our results showed that omitting elective nodal irradiation did not result in a high incidence of elective nodal failure. On the contrary, it decreased local failure by increasing prescription doses to the primary diseases and lymphadenopaphy, and thereby it may further prolong the patients survival.

关键词： significant difference     irradiation     unresectable non-small-cell     induction chemotherapy     influence    

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Analysis of cement-treated clay behavior by micromechanical approach

Dong-Mei ZHANG, Zhen-Yu YIN, Pierre-Yves HICHER, Hong-Wei HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 137-153 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0204-z

摘要： Experimental results show the significant influence of cement content on the mechanical properties of cement-treated clays. Cementation is produced by mixing a certain amount of cement with the saturated clay. The purpose of this paper is to model the cementation effect on the mechanical behavior of cement-treated clay. A micromechanical stress-strain model is developed considering explicitly the cementation at inter-cluster contacts. The inter-cluster bonding and debonding during mechanical loading are introduced in two ways: an additional cohesion in the shear sliding and a higher yield stress in normal compression. The model is used to simulate isotropic compression and undrained triaxial tests under various confining stresses on cement-treated Ariake clay and Singapore clay with various cement contents. The applicability of the present model is evaluated through comparisons between numerical and experimental results. The evolution of local stresses and local strains in inter-cluster planes are discussed in order to explain the induced anisotropy due to debonding at contact level under the applied loads. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed micromechanical approach is well adapted for taking into account the main physical properties of cement-treated clay, including damage and induced anisotropy under mechanical loading.

关键词： microstructure     cementation     clay     micromechanics     anisotropy     debonding    

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Recovering humic substances from the dewatering effluent of thermally treated sludge and its performance

Yuning YANG,Huan LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 578-584 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0827-5

摘要： The biologic treatment of the dewatering effluent from thermally treated sludge is difficult due to the high concentration of refractory humic substances. On the other hand, humic substances are an important source of organic fertilizer. In this study, a novel process using ferric coagulant was developed to recover humic substances from dewatering effluent for use as an organic fertilizer. When ferric coagulant was applied to raw dewatering effluent, up to 70% of humic substances were enmeshed by hydrolyzed ferric ions at an optimum pH of 4.5. The proper mass ratio of iron ions to humic substances was 0.6. In the recovered material, humic substances accounted for 24.2% of the total dry solids, and the amount of phosphorus (equivalent phosphorus pentoxide) was 6.2%. Heavy metals and other components all met the legal requirements for organic fertilizer. When the recovered material was applied to soybeans, the germination and growth of the seeds was significantly improved.

关键词： sewage sludge     humic substances     recovery     phosphorus     fertilizer    

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Effect of environment change on the strength of cement/lime treated clays

Takenori HINO, Rui JIA, Seiji SUEYOSHI, Tri HARIANTO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 153-165 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0153-y

摘要： The field strengths of cement/lime treated clays were investigated in the Ariake Sea costal lowlands. The deposition environment of the investigation location is reconstructed and compared to the present ground environment. The mechanism of the ground environment change and its effect on the strength of cement/lime treated soil are discussed. The strength development of improved soil using cement and lime in different curing environments was investigated in the laboratory for studying the effect of environment change on the strength also. It has been found that the strength deterioration of improved soil in deep mixing method is due to 1) the ground environment change due to the secondary oxidation which results in low pH value and high organic content, and 2) the formations of the porous structures result from the elution of the calcium ions. Also, it has been found that the initial strength increase of the improved soil is related to the dissolved silica and that the dissolution of the silica in clay minerals needs long time. When examining the long-term strength for preventing strength degradation, the effect of environmental change has to be considered. The importance of measuring pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the ground for cement/lime solidification method is explained.

关键词： soil solidification     ground environment     strength deterioration     pH     oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)     silica    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

期刊论文

Characterization of humic substances in bio-treated municipal solid waste landfill leachate

Guangxia QI, Dongbei YUE, Yongfeng NIE

期刊论文

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

期刊论文

hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis through strategies of carbon recovery from alkaline/thermal treated

Ling Wang, Chunxue Yang, Sangeetha Thangavel, Zechong Guo, Chuan Chen, Aijie Wang, Wenzong Liu

期刊论文

Evaluate HAA removal in biologically active carbon filters using the ICR database

Hsin-hsin TUNG, Yuefeng F. XIE

期刊论文

Superhydrophobic, mechanically flexible and recyclable reduced graphene oxide wrapped sponge for highly

Lijuan Qiu, Ruiyang Zhang, Ying Zhang, Chengjin Li, Qian Zhang, Ying Zhou

期刊论文

Gain-enhanced reconfigurable radiation array with mechanically driven system and directive elements

期刊论文

情境感知智能产品的生物启发式设计

Ang Liu, Ivan Teo, 陈点滴, Stephen Lu, Thorsten Wuest, 张执南, 陶飞

期刊论文

An extended thermo-mechanically coupled algorithm for simulation of superelasticity and shape memory

S. HASHEMI,H. AHMADIAN,S. MOHAMMADI

期刊论文

84-month observational study of the changes in CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count of 110 HIV/AIDS patients treated

null

期刊论文

Evolution of composite fouling on a vertical stainless steel surface caused by treated sewage

Cheng ZAN, Lin SHI, Xiujuan MA, Wenyan YANG,

期刊论文

Improved local control without elective nodal radiotherapy in patients with unresectable NSCLC treated

YANG Kunyu, LIU Li, ZHANG Tao, WU Gang, CAO Fengjun, WANG Jianhua

期刊论文

Analysis of cement-treated clay behavior by micromechanical approach

Dong-Mei ZHANG, Zhen-Yu YIN, Pierre-Yves HICHER, Hong-Wei HUANG

期刊论文

Recovering humic substances from the dewatering effluent of thermally treated sludge and its performance

Yuning YANG,Huan LI

期刊论文

Effect of environment change on the strength of cement/lime treated clays

Takenori HINO, Rui JIA, Seiji SUEYOSHI, Tri HARIANTO

期刊论文